Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities
نویسندگان
چکیده
In reservoirs, seasonal drawdown can alter the physical environment and may influence predatory fish performance. We investigated the performance of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a western reservoir by coupling field measurements with visual foraging and bioenergetic models at four distinct states (early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall). The models suggested that lake trout prey, juvenile kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka), are limited seasonally by suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen. Accordingly, prey densities were greatest in late summer when reservoir volume was lowest and fish were concentrated by stratification. Prey encounter rates (up to 68 fish·day−1) and predator consumption are also predicted to be greatest during late summer. However, our models suggested that turbidity negatively correlates with prey detection and consumption across reservoir states. Under themost turbid conditions, lake trout did notmeet physiological demands; however, during less turbid periods, predator consumption reached maximum bioenergetic efficiency. Overall, our findings demonstrate that rapid reservoir fluctuations and associated abiotic conditions can influence predator–prey interactions, and our models describe the potential impacts of water level fluctuation on valuable sport fishes. Résumé : Dans les réservoirs, l'abaissement saisonnier du niveau d'eau peut modifier le milieu physique et influencer la performance des poissons prédateurs. Nous avons étudié la performance des truites grises (Salvelinus namaycush) dans un réservoir de l'Ouest en combinant des mesures de terrain à des modèles d'approvisionnement et de bioénergétique pour quatre états distincts du réservoir (début de l'été, milieu de l'été, fin de l'été et automne). Les modèles donnent à penser que l'abondance saisonnière des proies des truites, les saumons rouges (Oncorhynchus nerka) juvéniles, est limitée par la température et l'oxygène dissous. Ainsi, les densités de proies étaient les plus grandes à la fin de l'été, quand le volume du réservoir était à son plus faible et les poissons étaient concentrés par la stratification. Il est également prédit que la fréquence des rencontres de proie (jusqu'à 68 poissons·jour–1) et la consommation des prédateurs sont plus élevées à la fin de l'été. Cependant, nos modèles suggèrent une corrélation négative entre la turbidité, d'une part, et la détection et la consommation de proies pour tous les états du réservoir. Dans les conditions les plus turbides, les truites grises ne répondaient pas à leur demande physiologique; cependant, durant les périodes de plus faible turbidité, la consommation des prédateurs atteignait l'efficacité bioénergétiquemaximum. Globalement, nos résultats démontrent que des fluctuations rapides des réservoirs et les conditions abiotiques associées peuvent influencer les interactions prédateurs–proies et nos modèles décrivent les impacts potentiels des fluctuations du niveau de l'eau sur des poissons d'intérêt pour la pêche sportive. [Traduit par la Rédaction].
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